List of Irregular Verbs in English

What is a verb?

A verb is a fundamental part of speech in English and many other languages. It is a word that describes an action, occurrence, or state of being. Verbs play a crucial role in constructing sentences and conveying meaning. Here are some key points about verbs:

Action Verbs:

These verbs describe physical or mental actions. For example: "run," "eat," "think."

Linking Verbs:

Linking verbs connect the subject of a sentence to a subject complement (usually an adjective or a noun) that describes or identifies the subject. Common linking verbs include "is," "am," "are," "was," and "were."

• Example: "She is happy." (In this sentence, "is" links the subject "She" to the adjective "happy.")

Auxiliary (Helping) Verbs:

These verbs are used alongside the main verb to express various tenses, moods, and aspects. Common auxiliary verbs include "have," "be," and "do."

• Example: "She has eaten." (In this sentence, "has" is an auxiliary verb, and "eaten" is the main verb.)

Transitive and Intransitive Verbs:

Verbs can also be categorized based on their ability to take a direct object. Transitive verbs require a direct object, while intransitive verbs do not.

• Transitive Verb Example: "She ate the cake." (The verb "ate" has a direct object, "the cake.")
• Intransitive Verb Example: "She sleeps." (The verb "sleeps" does not have a direct object.)

Tense:

Verbs can be used in different tenses to indicate when an action occurred or will occur. Common tenses include present, past, and future.

• Present Tense: "I eat breakfast."
• Past Tense: "I ate breakfast."
• Future Tense: "I will eat breakfast."

Aspect:

Verbs can also have different aspects, indicating the completeness or duration of an action. Common aspects include simple, continuous (progressive), perfect, and perfect continuous.

• Simple Aspect: "She reads a book."
• Continuous Aspect: "She is reading a book."
• Perfect Aspect: "She has read a book."
• Perfect Continuous Aspect: "She has been reading a book."

Verbs are essential for constructing sentences and conveying information about actions, states of being, and events in language. Understanding verb conjugation, tense, and usage is crucial for effective communication in English and other languages.

What are Irregular Verbs in English?

Irregular verbs are verbs in the English language that do not follow the regular conjugation patterns for tense and form changes. Unlike regular verbs, which typically add "-ed" to the base form to create past tense forms or the past participle, irregular verbs have unique and often unpredictable changes in their forms.

List of English Irregular Verbs

infinitive	simple past	past participle
be	was/were	been
bear	bore	borne/born
beat	beat	beaten
become	became	become
begin	began	begun
bend	bent	bent
bet*	bet	bet
bid	bid, bade	bid, bidden
bind	bound	bound
bite	bit	bitten
bleed	bled	bled
blow	blew	blown
break	broke	broken
breed	bred	bred
bring	brought	brought
broadcast	broadcast	broadcast
build	built	built
burn***	burnt	burnt
burst	burst	burst
bust*	bust	bust
buy	bought	bought
cast	cast	cast
catch	caught	caught
choose	chose	chosen
cling	clung	clung
come	came	come
cost	cost	cost
creep	crept	crept
cut	cut	cut
deal	dealt	dealt
dig	dug	dug
dive	dived/dove	dived
do	did	done
draw	drew	drawn
dream***	dreamt	dreamt
drink	drank	drunk
drive	drove	driven
eat	ate	eaten
fall	fell	fallen
feed	fed	fed
feel	felt	felt
fight	fought	fought
find	found	found
flee	fled	fled
fling	flung	flung
fly	flew	flown
forbid	forbade, forbad	forbidden
forecast*	forecast	forecast
forget	forgot	forgotten
forsake	forsook	forsaken
freeze	froze	frozen
get	got	got, gotten
give	gave	given
grind	ground	ground
go	went	gone
grow	grew	grown
hang	hung	hung
have	had	had
hear	heard	heard
hide	hid	hidden
hit	hit	hit
hold	held	held
hurt	hurt	hurt
keep	kept	kept
know	knew	known
lay	laid	laid
lead	led	led
learn***	learnt	learnt
leave	left	left
lend	lent	lent
let	let	let
lie**	lay	lain
light*	lit	lit
lose	lost	lost
make	made	made
mean	meant	meant
meet	met	met
pay	paid	paid
prove*	proved	proven
put	put	put
quit*	quit	quit
read	read	read
rid	rid	rid
ride	rode	ridden
ring	rang	rung
rise	rose	risen
run	ran	run
saw***	sawed	sawed/sawn
say	said	said
see	saw	seen
seek	sought	sought
sell	sold	sold
send	sent	sent
set	set	set
sew*	sewed	sewn
shake	shook	shaken
shear*	sheared	shorn
shed	shed	shed
shine	shone	shone
shoot	shot	shot
show*	showed	shown
shut	shut	shut
sing	sang	sung
sink	sank	sunk
sit	sat	sat
slay	slew	slain
sleep	slept	slept
slide	slid	slid
sling	slung	slung
slink	slunk	slunk
slit	slit	slit
sneak****	snuck	snuck
sow	sowed	sown
speak	spoke	spoken
speed*	sped	sped
spend	spent	spent
spin	spun	spun
spit	spat, spit	spat, spit
split	split	split
spread	spread	spread
spring	sprang	sprung
stand	stood	stood
steal	stole	stolen
stick	stuck	stuck
sting	stung	stung
stink	stank, stunk	stunk
stride	strode	stridden
strike	struck	struck
string	strung	strung
strive	strove	striven
swear	swore	sworn
sweep	swept	swept
swell*	swelled	swollen
swim	swam	swum
swing	swung	swung
take	took	taken
teach	taught	taught
tear	tore	torn
tell	told	told
think	thought	thought
thrive*	throve	thrived
throw	threw	thrown
thrust	thrust	thrust
tread	trod	trodden, trod
understand	understood	understood
wake*	woke	woken
wear	wore	worn
weave	wove	woven
weep	wept	wept
wet*	wet	wet
win	won	won
wind	wound	wound
wring	wrung	wrung
write	wrote	written